Ingredient Glossary
Learn what common skincare ingredients do and who they may suit. Plain English, no jargon.
All
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
All
Hydrating
Anti-ageing
Exfoliating
Soothing
Antioxidant
Emollient
Potential irritant
Hyaluronic Acid
Hydration & moisture retention
A powerful humectant that draws and holds moisture in the skin. Found naturally in the body, it helps keep skin looking plump and hydrated.
Niacinamide
Barrier support & even tone
Also known as Vitamin B3. Helps support the skin barrier, improve uneven tone, and reduce the appearance of pores. Usually well tolerated.
Retinol
Cell turnover & anti-ageing
A form of Vitamin A that supports skin cell renewal, improving texture and tone. Can cause initial sensitivity — best introduced gradually.
Salicylic Acid
Exfoliant & pore clearer
A beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) that works inside the pore to remove dead skin cells and excess oil. Commonly used in acne-prone skincare.
Ceramides
Barrier repair & protection
Essential lipids that make up a large part of the skin's natural barrier. Help protect against moisture loss and environmental damage.
Glycerin
Humectant & moisturiser
One of the most common and effective humectants in skincare. Draws water to the skin and helps maintain its moisture levels.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Antioxidant & brightening
A potent antioxidant that can help brighten skin, support collagen production, and protect against environmental damage. Can be unstable in some formulations.
Fragrance / Parfum
Scent additive
Added for scent. Can be synthetic or natural. Some people with sensitive skin prefer to avoid fragrance as it can be a source of irritation.
Alcohol Denat.
Solvent & texture aid
A drying alcohol sometimes used to improve product texture and help ingredients absorb quickly. Higher concentrations may be drying for some skin types.
Glycolic Acid
Exfoliant & resurfacing
An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that exfoliates the skin's surface, improving texture and tone. Sun sensitivity may increase with regular use.
Squalane
Lightweight emollient
A stable, lightweight oil that closely mimics the skin's natural sebum. Moisturises without feeling heavy or greasy. Well tolerated by most.
Centella Asiatica
Soothing & healing
Also known as Cica. A soothing botanical extract known for its calming and skin-repair properties. Popular in products for sensitive or irritated skin.
Featured: Niacinamide
A closer look at one of skincare's most versatile ingredients
Generally gentle
Versatile ingredient
What it does
Supports and strengthens the skin barrier
Helps improve uneven skin tone and texture
May help reduce the appearance of enlarged pores
Can help regulate oil production
Who it may suit
Most skin types including sensitive skin
Oily or combination skin wanting pore refinement
Those with uneven skin tone or post-acne marks
Anyone looking for a well-rounded active ingredient
Worth knowing
Very high concentrations (10%+) may cause flushing in some people
Results typically seen after 4–8 weeks of consistent use
Related ingredients
Zinc PCA — often paired with niacinamide for oil control
Panthenol (Vitamin B5) — another B vitamin with soothing properties
Tranexamic Acid — another tone-evening active
Find products containing Niacinamide
Browse Niacinamide products
About our ingredient information: We categorise ingredients in user-friendly ways based on their common functions and known sensitivities. Skin reactions are highly individual. Our notes are educational and should not be treated as medical advice. If you have allergies, skin conditions, or medical concerns, consult a dermatologist or check directly with the manufacturer.